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Energy-Efficient Water Purification Made Possible By Josh Vanderwerf Modern society depends on two main resources: water and energy. The demand for these resources is growing tremendously so researching are looking towards alternative technologies the have both sustainability and reduced environmental impact. Desalination and reuse are the only choices for increasing water supply, according to authors. Engineers are employing forward osmosis. Forward Osmosis exploits the natural diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane. The process of forward osmosis takes water from contaminants to a concentrated salt solution. You can remove this with a low heat treatment. Researchers are also looking into the osmotic heat engine, which can be used to create electrical energy. Two Yale researchers, Elimelech and McGinnis say that it’s possible to produce electricity economically from heat sources with lower temperatures. This includes industrial waste heat, using a similar method – pressure-retarded osmosis. In this process, the solution is put under high hydraulic pressure. The pressure of the expanded volume is released through a turbine to produce electrical energy when the water moves into the pressurized draw solution. "The cost of producing electricity by this method could be competitive with existing means of power production" says Elimelech.

Contributed by mrjwerf23 on January 23, 2009, at 2:01 PM UTC.

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